History & background
Until the 20th century Gstaad was a hamlet in the municipality of Saanen, and Saanen is still the political centre today, with the church of St. Mauritius from 1444 and the carved wooden houses that characterise the Saanenland. In the Middle Ages the region belonged to the Counts of Gruyères and passed to Bern in 1555 after their bankruptcy, which is why the Saanenland speaks Bernese German but culturally lies between the Oberland and French-speaking Switzerland; the neighbouring villages of Rougemont and Château-d'Oex are French-speaking. The people of Saanen lived from cheese: Saanen cheese, hard and stored for years, was traded over the passes to Italy, and to this day wheels older than ten years mature in the dairy cellar in Gstaad. Everything changed in 1905, when the Montreux-Bernese Oberland Railway reached the village and the English from Montreux found their way into the mountains. In 1913 the Gstaad Palace opened on the hill above the village, a fairytale castle with towers that is still owned by the Scherz family. Boarding schools such as the Institut Le Rosey, which has moved from Rolle to Gstaad for the winter since 1916, brought the children of wealthy families, who later came themselves: Julie Andrews, Elizabeth Taylor, Roger Moore, Bernie Ecclestone. Yehudi Menuhin founded the festival in 1957 that is now called the Gstaad Menuhin Festival and every summer brings seven weeks of classical music to the churches and a tent. The tennis tournament has been played since 1915, and since 1997 there has been the beach volleyball tournament at 1,050 metres. In 1999 the Glacier 3000 cable car opened to the Scex Rouge above the Col du Pillon, designed by Mario Botta. Gstaad has around 3,000 inhabitants, Saanen as a municipality 7,000, and the chalet regulations of 1950 still prohibit buildings that do not look like a chalet, even next door to the Palace.